{"id":2344,"date":"2026-04-24T02:49:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:49:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/?p=2344"},"modified":"2026-04-24T02:49:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:49:52","slug":"which-is-harder-304-or-316-ss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/which-is-harder-304-or-316-ss\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1i n\u00e0o Kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, 304 hay 316 SS?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h4>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h4><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#toc-0b79795d3efc95b9976c7c5b933afce2\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-09d17b2f3aea78b97eeaaa6d441186f7\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-1677192c5a2c61768db626df9a4cb423\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-c1fc6e8bbbeae0baaa45b3752ec494ba\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: So s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-a7ef2d0047ea1cb501169fc5f1874299\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316: X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-ba9a04524dcbc379516cdb036626cb51\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau: \u1ee6 v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-f75c205bcd45de3149adb21a33f11aba\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-60d66a8a855aa9290e05074d3f0381a2\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-c00af7c5495665f4f7a7bfc7a47e15be\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-217db9ce79431027fe4fa36b11c594f1\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316: Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-05db5b319008ceb85eb48cbe0e983550\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-8bd6208183e7775a9bbfcd641bf15632\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#toc-290612199861c31d1036b185b4e69b75\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-0b79795d3efc95b9976c7c5b933afce2\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e0: lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ho\u1eb7c 316?C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: 316 h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng molypden c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-09d17b2f3aea78b97eeaaa6d441186f7\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 316 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit. s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>304<\/strong>: 18.0\u201320.0% crom, 8.0\u201310.5% niken, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 molypden.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>316<\/strong>: 16.0\u201318.0% crom, 10.0\u201314.0% niken, 2.0\u20133.0% molypden.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Molypden t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eadt kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m. Niken \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"http:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-2.jpg\" alt=\"T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\" class=\"wp-image-451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/3-2-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-1677192c5a2c61768db626df9a4cb423\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit nh\u01b0 304 v\u00e0 316, ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-6b1a69755a73be908851b818c5f84f2d\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell (HB)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Brinell s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t indenter th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3ng cacbua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u1ee5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Brinell \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201cHB\u201d (\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell) ho\u1eb7c \u201cHBW\u201d (Brinell Carbide).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00fac, v\u00e0 r\u00e8n.N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p trung b\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 304 v\u00e0 316 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Brinell l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 \u2264215 HB v\u00e0 \u2264217 HB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-f719299aa85e405e7327c5ea87f1ad84\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell (HRB \/HRC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Rockwell \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng th\u00e9p (thang B, HRB) ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (thang C, HRC) theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn.N\u00f3 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n Brinell, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit, thang \u0111o B (HRB) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u00ean thang \u0111o C. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Rockwell B cho 304 v\u00e0 316 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 \u226492 HRB v\u00e0 \u226495 HRB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-57d074aba593fd16d44a9b78a8534d20\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers (HV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Vickers s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng indenter v\u00e0 \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft l\u00f5m d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Vickers cho 304 v\u00e0 316 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 HV v\u00e0 210 HV t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-b5dee21855cd115b9f95faaab15ecab7\">C\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thang \u0111o v\u00e0 th\u1ee5t l\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang sau \u0111\u00e2y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit \u1ee7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>304<\/strong>: ~215 HB \/ ~92 HRB \/ ~200 HV<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>316<\/strong>: ~217 HB \/ ~95 HRB \/ ~210 HV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba thang \u0111o, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong 5\u201310%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-c1fc6e8bbbeae0baaa45b3752ec494ba\">D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: So s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th><th>304 SS<\/th><th>316 SS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell<\/td><td>\u2264215 HB<\/td><td>\u2264217 HB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rockwell B<\/td><td>\u226492 HRB<\/td><td>\u226495 HRB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vickers \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/td><td>~200 HV<\/td><td>~210 HV<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Brinell l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 7\u201310% so v\u1edbi 304. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-a7ef2d0047ea1cb501169fc5f1874299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/danh-muc-san-pham\/stainless-steel\/\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316<\/a>: X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp austenitic nh\u01b0 304 v\u00e0 316 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u1ee7). c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenitic c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-044e7c937b44387edefa6ffa56f3a5c4\">\u1ee6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ee6 bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1010\u20131120 \u00b0C, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft). Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u1ea3 304 v\u00e0 316 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1i \u0111a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-08de0a208daa1ac0b1abaf5f98250ecb\">Dung d\u1ecbch \u1ee7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh, \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a tan cacbua crom v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng b\u00ean trong. \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 304 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u00e0y, n\u01a1i nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua crom \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-059da3995fa39e646c892fd433fffb94\">Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 425\u2013860 \u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 304. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 carbon th\u1ea5p (304L v\u00e0 316L) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-ba9a04524dcbc379516cdb036626cb51\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau: \u1ee6 v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7 (l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m). l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-7d9eaf1d1fbd5894115c28c21526faa0\">S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea5m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, d\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng r\u00fat l\u1ea1nh tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i. l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c-c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1ng k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>304 (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i)<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng t\u1eeb ~515 MPa (\u1ee7) l\u00ean 540\u2013720 MPa. Rockwell B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 85\u201392 HRB t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>316 (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i)<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng t\u1eeb ~515 MPa (\u1ee7) l\u00ean 580\u2013750 MPa. Rockwell B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 88\u201395 HRB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh.M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i 30% s\u1ebd c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i 10%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-a9330a884642f1fd79b12738f5a77b1e\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao  \u0111 nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 xo, k\u1eb9p, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac  \u0111 c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n. \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n 40 HRC (Rockwell C) th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7, thu h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi 316 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-386b1559d4682c9931e0dbc0be580a11\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. 316 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi 304 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng molypden c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: 316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o s\u00e2u, trong khi 304 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y khu\u00f4n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n \u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-f75c205bcd45de3149adb21a33f11aba\">\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/th><th>304 SS<\/th><th>316 SS<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (ph\u00fat)<\/td><td>\u2265515 MPa<\/td><td>\u2265515 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (ph\u00fat)<\/td><td>\u2265205 MPa<\/td><td>\u2265205 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td><td>\u226540%<\/td><td>\u226540%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, 304 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 540\u2013720 MPa, trong khi 316 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t 580\u2013750 MPa. \u1ede 600 \u00b0C, 316 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 330\u2013360 MPa so v\u1edbi 280\u2013310 MPa c\u1ee7a 304. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, 316 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/what-is-seamless-stainless-steel-pipe.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch\" class=\"wp-image-1762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/what-is-seamless-stainless-steel-pipe.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/what-is-seamless-stainless-steel-pipe-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/what-is-seamless-stainless-steel-pipe-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-60d66a8a855aa9290e05074d3f0381a2\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Molypden c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>304 SS<\/strong>: PREN \u2248 19,6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>316 SS<\/strong>: PREN \u2248 28,5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong Na Cl 3,5% t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, 316 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u22640,005 mm\/n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 304 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0,02\u20130,05 mm\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-c00af7c5495665f4f7a7bfc7a47e15be\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gia c\u00f4ng<\/strong>: 304 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c-c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua-tipped v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ea1nh H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/strong>: 304 u\u1ed1n cong \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1eddng 1 \u00d7; 316 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 1,5 \u00d7 do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n. \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, 304 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n<\/strong>: C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1edbi TIG, MIG v\u00e0 SMAW. 304 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat; c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-217db9ce79431027fe4fa36b11c594f1\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316: Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-ed2a9b2989bd7fe40712c29976958268\">Chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 1: Kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.Trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u1ee7a 316 mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i s\u1ed1c cao h\u01a1n.Trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-059ce2882727b9b26f6f6fa356897198\">Chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 2: 316 Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cao c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>316 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, 304 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh 316 b\u1ed5 sung ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 30\u201340% v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-5eb9c0f8f84e8f3504ab0cb40f13ddf3\">Chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 3: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf (7\u201310%), nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-a49e9a0a00fdc55a73632435dcb8ad64\">Chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 4: \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb li\u00ean quan duy nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u1ee7, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00f2 xo) khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-05db5b319008ceb85eb48cbe0e983550\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5:<\/strong>&nbsp;C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 304 v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. 316 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m tan b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00d4 t\u00f4:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u1ed0ng x\u1ea3, v\u1ecf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trang tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 304. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh 316.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u:<\/strong>&nbsp;C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e2n t\u00e0u, tr\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 316 cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng clorua c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t:<\/strong>&nbsp;B\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a clorua nhu c\u1ea7u 316.B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 304.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf:<\/strong>&nbsp;D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh 316L (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 carbon th\u1ea5p) cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>&nbsp;B\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb pha ch\u1ebf, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1eefa trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 304.Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i (nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c rau ng\u00e2m) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n 316.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:<\/strong>&nbsp;M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n, tay v\u1ecbn, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m trang tr\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 316 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i. y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi 304.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-8bd6208183e7775a9bbfcd641bf15632\">304 ho\u1eb7c 316: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ecdn 304 khi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4n h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi clorua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ho\u1eb7c trang tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ecdn 316 khi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a clorua, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m tan b\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n minh cho chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-290612199861c31d1036b185b4e69b75\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316 h\u01a1i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n 304 (\u2264217 HB so v\u1edbi \u2264215 HB trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ee7), ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kho\u1ea3ng 7\u201310%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Molypden l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong 316.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (515 MPa) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y (205 MPa) gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n il kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng il n\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng Jiatianxia kim lo\u1ea1i V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u C\u00f4ng ty TNHH cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 hai l\u1edbp trong \u1ee7, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh-\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO<\/a> v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CE, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n 80 qu\u1ed1c gia trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction A common question when sourcing stainless steel for aerospace, automotive, or marine applications is: which is harder, 304 or 316 stainless steel? The short answer: 316 is slightly harder due to its molybdenum content, but the difference is marginal. This article provides a comprehensive, data-backed comparison covering hardness testing methods, heat treatment effects, condition-dependent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2344"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2346,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2344\/revisions\/2346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huanhaizhongke.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}